Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Patterns Among Adolescents and Young Persons on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Kenya: A Preliminary Survey to Inform the Design of an Online Health Portal to Increase Patient Activation

Abstract

Introduction: During the five-year implementation of a large-scale antiretroviral therapy (ART) program in Kiambu and Kirinyaga counties, adolescents and young persons (AYP) lagged behind adults in viral suppression and engagement. These gaps prompted exploration of digital health solutions. This survey assessed smartphone ownership and internet use among AYP in Kiambu, providing feasibility data for a planned patient portal trial.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during psychosocial support group meetings at six high-volume public facilities. Structured questionnaires collected data on smartphone ownership, internet access, and usage. Associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors were examined using chi-square tests and logistic regression.

Results: Of 121 respondents, 100 were eligible (15-24 years). Smartphone ownership was 84%, and 73% reported regular internet use, mainly through mobile devices. Internet use was associated with age, education, and employment, though only age remained significant in regression analysis. Social media, especially WhatsApp and Facebook, were the most accessed platforms.

Conclusion: High smartphone penetration and internet use among AYP on ART demonstrate the feasibility of digital health interventions. These findings form the empirical basis for a clinical trial of a patient portal designed to enhance activation, engagement, and treatment outcomes.